Appreciating The Importance Of Solar Panel Efficiency
Solar panel efficiency is the ratio of electrical output from a module as compared to the total energy input derived from sunlight. The ratio is in percentage form and portrays the amount of energy expected from a panel when it is exposed to solar energy.
Basically, the modules that are currently in the market have efficiency levels of between 6% and a little over 20%. What that means is that the one that is marked 9% for example gives an output of 9 watts for every 100 watts that shines upon the unit.
However, that is usually not the end of the story. Those modules that have higher conversion ratios are more expensive than those with lower ones. Sometimes the difference in price can be so much that the ones that have lower ratios become more economical when you calculate the cost per watt produced.
Manufacturing costs are to blame for this situation for it is really expensive to make quality solar cells. Over the years, one of the most productive materials has been crystalline silicone. However, due to the cost of manufacture some electronic companies result to slicing the silicon rods to make a thin film which is a cheaper method but it compromises the energy conversion ratio of the module.
The thin-celled units can be produced in modules having a larger surface area to maximize energy input which is okay to those who have such spaces to spare. However, those who are pressed for space and still need solar energy are faced with the dilemma of buying cheap, inefficient and bulky modules or purchasing expensive but compact and efficient kits.
Other times, the question may not be limitation in space but practicability. If one lives in a very cold and cloudy place one may consider installing highly efficient solar units to maximize energy conversion. If other power sources are accessible, one should compare the cost per watt and assess the period which shall elapse before the modules cover their own cost.
Where one lives in places not covered by the power grid and there is no hope of getting such a connection in the near future, it makes a lot of sense to install modules with a high energy conversion ratio. This in the end will turn out to be economical since the cost per watt shall be stretched over a long period of time becoming negligible as is the case with modern solar units that last for 20 to 30 years.
However, the question still remains of how to easily and affordably produce solar-standard semiconductors with energy conversion rates of 80% or more. Scientists believe that nanotechnology is the answer and some prototypes are working to some degree in laboratories. Nanotechnology is also dealing with the loss of electrical power that has always occurred in the transfer and conversion of the captured energy from DC to AC by use of micro-inverters.
A lot of research is being carried out in facilities all over the world to produce the technology that that will solve these problems. Strides are being made everyday which if successful and commercialized they shall put sunlight energy at par with other energy options such as nuclear as far as output and cost per watt is concerned.
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